About
The exhibition A Canon of Change: How the Dutch Delta Reached 2100 was initiated by the Ministry of Modesty. However, the eight curatorial teams are responsible for selecting and describing the icons. The people involved are mentioned on their respective icon page. The “website” was designed by Hilde Segond von Banchet. The speech by Ada Novák was written by Wytske Versteeg, Peter Pelzer and Jesse Hoffman. Key input was provided by policy anthropologists with an expertise in the ‘roaring’ twenties. There also is a link with the Mixed Classroom of the Urban Futures Studio.
In crafting the website, the following historical sources were used*:
1870: Worker's districts in Amsterdam
References text:
BBC (2021). Causes of illness and disease. In Bitesize. Retrieved 10 January 2021, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z2d68mn/revision/4
Canon Van Nederland (2021). De eerste spoorlijn. Retrieved 5 January 2021, from https://www.canonvannederland.nl/nl/eerstespoorlijn
De Roode, M. (2015). De Industriële Revolutie: werd het leven beter? In Scientias. Retrieved 11 January 2021, from https://www.scientias.nl/de-industriele-revolutie-werd-het-leven-beter/
Kasraian, D., Maat, K., & van Wee, B. (2016). Development of rail infrastructure and its impact on urbanization in the Randstad, the Netherlands. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 9(1), 151-170.
Pooley, S. (2013). Parenthood, child-rearing and fertility in England, 1850–1914. The History of the family, 18(1), 83-106.
Wilde R. (2020). A Beginner's Guide to the Industrial Revolution. In ThoughtCo. Retrieved 10 January 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/guide-to-the-industrial-revolution-1221914
1881: The first landline in the Netherlands
References text:
Buitelaar, E. (2021, 16 January). Opinie: Zo snel gaat Amsterdam echt niet ten onder. Retrieved from https://www.parool.nl/columns-opinie/opinie-zo-snel-gaat-amsterdam-echt-niet-ten-onder~ba908806/
Hilotin, J. (2020, 26, October). A brief history of the telephone [Information page]. Retrieved from https://gulfnews.com/world/a-brief-history-of-the-telephone-1.1603713110135
Lemelson-Mit (n.d.). Alexander Bell – The Telephone [Information page]. Retrieved from https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/alexander-bell
Library of Congress (2019, 19, November). Who is credited with inventing the telephone? Retrieved from https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/who-is-credited-with-inventing-the-telephone/
Mitel (n.d.). A kid’s history of telecommunications. Retrieved from https://www.mitel.com/articles/kids-history-telecommunications
Moriset, B., Brette, O., Chareire, O., Grasland, L., Richaud, A., & Thivant, E. (2012). The ‘death of distance' fifteen years on. Information technology and knowledge-based service firms in rural areas, 1-23.
RuLi, C. (2018, 27 December). The telephone in history: How telephone innovation shapes human behaviour. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@natsuokin/the-telephone-in-history-da07e0108879#:~:text=Telephone%20allowed%20people%20to%20make,of%20face%20to%20face%20communication
Sanguin, A. L. (2014). End of geography or revenge of geography? Human societies between a smooth, spiky or flat world. Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana, 7(3), 445-460.
Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen: Why Today's Super‐Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal 48(3), 290-293. New York: Atria.
References images:
https://www.vintag.es/2013/02/telephone-wires-over-new-york-c-1887.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQd3H8AmtP0
https://content.thriveglobal.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/social-health.jpg
(GIF) https://media.giphy.com/media/fEQxSRbcMXJrnCvv8c/source.mov , https://media.giphy.com/media/fEQxSRbcMXJrnCvv8c/giphy-downsized-large.gif , https://media.giphy.com/media/fEQxSRbcMXJrnCvv8c/giphy.mp4
1970: The autonomous house bubble
2006: Room for the river
Gast, M. (2006). Programmadirecteur 'Ruimte voor de Rivier' Ingwer de Boer: "Nu de kosten in de hand houden". https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/hydrotheek/1815849
Rijkswaterstaat. (n.d.). Ruimte voor de rivieren. Retrieved from: https://www.rijkswaterstaat.nl/water/waterbeheer/bescherming-tegen-het-water/maatregelen-om-overstromingen-te-voorkomen/ruimte-voor-de-rivieren/index.aspx
Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed. (n.d.). Waterveiligheid door de eeuwen heen. Retrieved from: https://landschapinnederland.nl/waterveiligheid-door-de-eeuwen-heen
Ruimte voor de Rivier (2016): Rivierjutters. De kracht van storytelling in de communicatieaanpak van Ruimte voor de Rivier. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/ruimtevoorderivier/docs/ruimte_voor_de_rivier___rivierjutte
Trouw (1998). Het water als vriend. Retrieved from https://www.trouw.nl/nieuws/het-water-als-vriend~be91b3a0/
Zeeland. (n.d.). Deltawerken. Retrieved from: https://www.zeeland.com/nl-nl/visit/wat-te-doen/bezienswaardigheden/deltawerken
2012: The Salmon of the Rhine
Froehlich-Schimtt, B. (2004). Rhine & Salmon 2020: A Programme for Migratory Fish in the Rhine System (Report). Koblenz. ICPR. https://conservationcorridor.org/cpb/Froehlich-Schmitt_2004.pdf
ICPR. (n.d.–a). European Water Framework Directive. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.iksr.org/en/eu-directives/european-water-framework-directive
ICPR. (n.d.–b). History. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.iksr.org/en/icpr/about-us/history
New York Times (1986, November 11). Huge Chemical Spill in the Rhine Creates Havoc in Four Countries. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/11/11/world/huge-chemical-spill-in-the-rhine-creates-havoc-in-four-countries.htm
Tagesanzeiger (2013, February 7). Der Lachs schwimmt wieder in der Schweiz. https://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/wissen/natur/der-lachs-schwimmt-wieder-in-der-schweiz/story/15996839
Salmon Come Back. (n.d.). The River Rhine Salmon. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.salmoncomeback.org/the-river-rhine-salmon/#:~:text=100%20years%20ago%2C%20there%20were,later%20in%20order%20to%20reproduce
Umweltbundesamt. (2011). Sandoz chemical spill 25 years on: Never again a Rhine as red as blood. Press Release No. 54/2011 [Press release]. https://www.iksr.org/en/icpr/about-us/history
Villamayor-Tomas, S., Fleischman, F. D., Perez Ibarra, I., Thiel, A., & van Laerhoven, F. (2014). From Sandoz to Salmon: Conceptualizing resource and institutional dynamics in the Rhine watershed through the SES framework. International Journal of the Commons, 8(2), 361. https://doi.org/10.18352/ijc.411
2020: The Marker Wadden
References text:
Brugge, R. van der. (2009). Transition Dynamics in Social-Ecological Systems: The Case of Dutch Water Management (Proefscript Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam).
Disco, C. (2000). De natuur herboren: De ecologische wending in het Nederlandse waterbeheer. Tijdschrift voor Waterstaatsgeschiedenis 9, 1-18.
Disco, C. (2002). Remaking “Nature”: The Ecological Turn in Dutch Water Management. Science, Technology, & Human Values 27(2), 206-235. DOI 10.1177/016224390202700202. 45
Disco, C. & Vleuten, E. van der. (2002). The Politics of Wet System Building: Balancing Interests in Dutch Water Management from the Middle Ages to the Present. Knowledge, Technology & Policy 14, 21–40. DOI 10.1007/s12130-002-1013-1.
IJff, S., Ellen, G., Veraart, J. & Riel, M. van (2018). Leren van Marker Wadden: over het speelveld van governance opgaven. Deltares.
Ministerie van infrastructuur en waterstaat, Ministerie van landbouw natuur en voedselkwaliteit & ministerie van binnenlandse zaken en koninkrijksrelaties (2020). Nationaal Deltaprogramma 2021: koersvast werken aan een klimaatbestendig Nederland.
Ministerie Verkeer en Waterstaat (1989). Derde Nota waterhuishouding. SDU uitgeverij.
Ministerie van Verkeer en Waterstaat (2000). Anders omgaan met water: waterbeleid voor de 21ste eeuw. Den Haag: Ministerie van verkeer en waterstaat.
Natuurmonumenten (2012). Marker Wadden Sleutel voor een natuurrijk en toekomstbestendig Markermeer.
Natuurmonumenten (n.d.) Over Natuurmonumenten https://www.natuurmonumenten.nl/over-natuurmonumenten
Provincie Flevoland (2019). Ontwikkelingsvisie Nationaal Park Nieuwland.
Saeijs, H. L. F., Flameling, I. A. & Adriaanse, L. A. (1999). Eco-pragmatisme, Omgaan met rivieren, delta’s, kust en zee in de 21e eeuw. In: A. van Hall, T. H. G. Drupsteen & H. J. M. Havekes (red.), ‘De Staat van Water’ (29-42). Vermande.
Winden, J. van der (2019). Ecologisch onderzoek Markerwadden 2016-2019. Tussenrapportage van Fase I (Rapport 19-05). Utrecht: Jan van der Winden Ecology.
References images:
Rijkswaterstaat, n.d. https://www.rijkswaterstaat.nl/water/waterbeheer/bescherming-tegen-het-water/waterkeringen/deltawerken/
Sander Poppe landscape photography, n.d. https://www.werkaandemuur.nl/nl/beeldmaker/Sander-Poppe/22603
Omroep Zeeland, 2016 https://www.omroepzeeland.nl/nieuws/93500/Stormvloedkering-had-er-nooit-mogen-komen-video
https://www.kennisbank-waterbouw.nl/tresor/auteur.php?code=M&naam=Saeijs
NOS, Boogaard, 2017 https://nos.nl/artikel/2161878-vier-nieuwe-eilanden-bij-marker-wadden-moerasandijvie-al-gespot.html
Natuurmonumenten/Straystone/Peter Leenen, 2019 https://www.flickr.com/photos/108580285@N07/32346006027/in/album-72157667112989078/
Vista/Natuurmonumenten, 2018 https://www.flickr.com/photos/108580285@N07/27357496028/in/album-72157667112989078/
Fotografie Siebe Swart, n.d. https://siebeswart.photoshelter.com/image/I0000D8.5Pc5azHw
2020: Greenhouses
Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency. (2017). The Netherlands has basically reinvented the tomato. Retrieved from https://qz.com/907971/the-netherlands-basically-reinvented-the-tomato/
Wageningen University. (2019). Dutch export of agricultural products exceeds € 90 billion in 2018. Retrieved from https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/Dutch-export-of-agricultural-products-exceeds-90-billion-in-2018.htm
Image 1: van Gruijthuijsen, M. (2019). Driehonderd jaar Westlandse kassenbouw (1650 - 1950) vastgelegd in boek [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.ad.nl/westland/driehonderd-jaar-westlandse-kassenbouw-1650-1950-vastgelegd-in-boek~a2f7a680/
Image 2: Soszna, C. (2018). De glastuinbow in het Westland [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.lwkoppenol.nl/hetwestland.htm
Image 3: Topotijdreis (n.d). [Image]. Retrieved from http://www.topotijdreis.nl
Image 4:David Attenborough: A Life on Our Planet [Images]. Altitude Film Entertainment, Netflix, Silverback Films, 2020. Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/de/title/80216393
Image 5: Atlas Leefomgeving (n.d.). Kaarten [Image]. Retrieved from https://www.atlasleefomgeving.nl/kaarten?config=3ef897de-127f-471a-959b-93b7597de188&gm-b=1544180834512%2Ctrue%2C1%3B1544716174078%2Ctrue%2C0.8%3B&gm-x=150000&gm-y=455000&gm-z=3
Image 6:
Bieleman, J. (2008). Boeren in Nederland. Geschiedenis van de landbouw 1500-2000.
CBS. (2001). Tweehonderd jaar statistiek in tijdreeksen 1800-1999. Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, Voorburg/Heerlen.
LEI en CBS. (2008). Land- en tuinbouwcijfers 2008. LEI Wageningen UR & Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek.
2035: The Marshall Islands
References text:
ABC News. (2020). Ioane Teitiota [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-21/ioane-teitiota-1/11886312?nw=0
Amnesty International. (2020). UN landmark case for people displaced by climate change. Retrieved from https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/01/un-landmark-case-for-people-displaced-by-climate-change/
BBC. (2015). The man who would be the first climate change refugee [Photograph]. Retrieved from
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34674374
Bordner, A., & Ferguson, C. E. (2020, December 11). The Marshall Islands could be wiped out by climate change – and their colonial history limits their ability to save themselves. The Conversation. Retrieved from http://theconversation.com/the-marshall-islands-could-be-wiped-out-by-climate-change-and-their-colonial-history-limits-their-ability-to-save-themselves-145994
Democracy Now! (2019). The Marshall Islands are drowning. Retrieved from The Marshall Islands are drowning. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hdp26q3Yseg
European Environment Agency. (2020). Global and European sea level rise. Retrieved from https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/sea-level-rise-7/assessment
IISD’s SDG Knowledge Hub. (2018, November 29). Marshall Islands Becomes First Country to Submit Second, More Ambitious NDC. https://sdg.iisd.org:443/news/marshall-islands-becomes-first-country-to-submit-second-more-ambitious-ndc/
Kim, H. (2011). Changing Climate, Changing Culture: Adding the Climate Change Dimension to the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage. International Journal of Cultural Property Society 18, 259-290. https://doi.org/10.1017/S094073911100021X
Lensculture. (2020). Kiribati: Disappearing [Photograph]? Retrieved from https://www.lensculture.com/articles/vlad-sokhin-kiribati-disappearing
Marris, E. (2019). Why the world is watching young climate activists. Nature. Retrieved from https://www-nature-com.proxy.library.uu.nl/articles/d41586-019-02696-0
Medium. (2019). Kiribati: SLOWLY DROWNING [Photograph]. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@sohanurrahman/kiribati-slowly-drowning-ab10e9e32e67
NCCP. (2011). Republic of the Marshall Islands. National Climate Change Policy Framework. 28.
NPR. (2019). We Are On The Front Line Of Climate Change, Marshall Islands President Says. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/2019/09/24/763679518/we-are-on-the-front-line-of-climate-change-marshall-islands-president-says?t=1608275308101
O’Brien, K., Selboe, E. & Hayward B.M. (2018). Exploring youth activism on climate change: dutiful, disruptive, and dangerous dissent. Ecology and Society 23(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26799169
Strolazzi, C. (2018). The Impact of Sea-Level Rise and Climate Change on Department of Defense Installations on Atolls in the Pacific Ocean. Retrieved from https://www.serdp-estcp.org/Program-Areas/Resource-Conservation-and-Resiliency/Infrastructure-Resiliency/Vulnerability-and-Impact-Assessment/RC-2334/
UNDP Climate Change Adaptation. (n.d.). Marshall Islands. Retrieved from https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/micronesia/marshall-islands
United Nations. (2020). Historic UN Human Rights case opens door to climate change asylum claims. Retrieved from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=25482
Weiss, K. R. (2015). The Making of a Climate Refugee. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from
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World Travel Guide. (2021). Marshall Islands travel Guide. World Travel Guide. Retrieved from https://www.worldtravelguide.net/guides/oceania/pacific-islands-of-micronesia/marshall-islands/
2040: The Community Pool Dock
2041: The Rhine Parliament
Gray, J. (2020). What if Non-Humans have a Political Voice? https://mahb.stanford.edu/blog/what-if-non-humans-had-a-political-voice/
Simons, M. (2017). The Parliament of Things and the Anthropocene. Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, 21(2), 150–174.
https://doi.org/10.5840/techne201752464
Warne, K. (n.d.). A Voice for Nature. Retrieved January 21, 2021, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/2019/04/maori-river-in-new-zealand-is-a-legal-person/
2050: Virtual reality of 9G masts
https://www.alstom.com/whitepaper-orchestrating-future-mobility
https://www.pbctoday.co.uk/news/planning-construction-news/national-flood-map/68055/
2055: Rock in the Waves
Images created by curators
2060: Arnhem, first city to declare ecosystem-neutrality
References images:
Blivande (2020). https://forum.blivande.com/t/solarpunk-in-stockholm-solaris/1205
Starhawk (2004). https://critical-sustainabilities.ucsc.edu/utopian/5thsacredthing/
Luc Schuiten (n.d.). https://enchantedlivingmagazine.com/solarpunks-brave-and-beautiful-new-world/
Unruly things (n.d.) http://searchforjstreet.blogspot.com/2011/01/in-mood-for-bilbo-baggins-birthday-type.html
2065: The WACU
References text:
Mostert, E. (2020). Water and national identity in the Netherlands; the history of an idea. Water History, 12(3), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12685-020-00263-3
Wikipedia (2020). Flood control in the Netherlands. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_control_in_the_Netherlands
References images:
Reference for the advertisement: Image based on GreaterGreenBay Habitat for Humanity. The first campaign of recruitment for the WACU
Reference for the header image: OCEANIX/BIG-Bjarke Ingels Group. The Nieuwe-Friesland city where our interview worked.
2066-2071: Emergency Flats
Images created by curators
2080: H.O.U.S.E. Farms
References text:
Cooper, A. (2017). Going up? Vertical farming in high-rises raises hopes. Pacific Standard. Retrieved from: https://psmag.com/environment/farming-in-high-rises-raises-hopes-3705
Despommier, D. (2010). The vertical farm: Feeding the world in the 21st century. Macmillan.
References images:
Despommier, D. (2009). The rise of vertical farms. Scientific American, 301(5), 80-7. 10.1038/scientificamerican1109-80.
EFFEKT Architects. (2017). ReGen village vertical farming system [Image]. Retrieved from: https://99percentinvisible.org/article/agricultural-futures-vertical-urban-farms-home-aeroponics/
Sasaki. (n.d.). Sunqiao urban agricultural district [Image]. Retrieved from: https://www.sasaki.com/projects/sunqiao-urban-agricultural-district/
*Disclaimer:
This website was created by students of Utrecht University as part of the masters course 'Techniques of Futuring - A Mixed Classroom with Policymakers' and has only an educational purpose. This website contains text and images created by students interspersed with third party sources and images. Rights holders of used images can contact urbanfuturesstudio@uu.nl if they have questions or wish to object to the use of their content.
